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Voices into Action (VIA) Toolkit

A digital resource supporting learner and family participation in educational decision-making

Children's and families' rights

Scroll down for an overview of key international and EU policy documents about the rights and voices of children, people with disabilities and families.

International policy literature recognises the importance of listening to the voices of children and families. In 1989, policy began to move from making decisions about children, to supporting their ability to form and express views and contribute to decisions. This is now seen as one of a child’s fundamental rights. 

Policy has also emphasised parents’, caregivers’ and families’ roles in defending children’s rights. Families are fundamental actors in developing and affirming young learners’ voices in educational matters. They play integral roles in listening to, respecting, supporting and conveying learner voices.

Key findings from international policy literature

The VIA review of international policy literature concerning children’s and families’ rights led to a few key findings: 

  • The right of children to be heard and considered in matters affecting them extends to all children. 

  • It has taken over 30 years of policy work and improvement of school practices to move from recognising children as having agency to their effective enjoyment of this right. 

  • When parents and families are involved, it is important to ensure the child’s ‘best interests’ is their main focus. 

  • Families and children have the right to receive help, guidance and support from organisations and institutions in their communities. 

  • Policy alignment and collaboration among stakeholders are pivotal to ensure the rights of children, parents and families. 

  • Countries must commit to systematising and developing effective processes for learner and family participation and interaction.

The following table provides an overview of key international and EU policy documents covering the rights and voices of children, people with disabilities and families.
21 Documents
Organisation and year
Policy document
What it means for learners, people with disabilities and/or families
Council of Europe, 2015
Revised European Charter on the Participation of Young People in Local and Regional Life
Reaffirms young people’s right to be heard and considers them as autonomous actors capable of inter-relating with other members of society.
Council of Europe, 2016
Strategy for the Rights of the Child (2016-2021)
Establishes the Council’s priorities in the areas of equality of opportunities, participation, a life free from violence, child-friendly justice and the right of all children to access online environments.
United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child, 2016
General Comment No. 20 (2016) on the Implementation of the Rights of the Child during Adolescence
Aims to guide countries on the legislation, policies and services needed to promote comprehensive adolescent development, consistent with the realisation of their rights.
Council of the European Union, 2017
Revision of the EU Guidelines for the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of the Child (2017). Leave No Child Behind
Promotes a system-strengthening approach to protect the rights of all children, including their participation.
Council of the European Union, 2018
Resolution of the Council of the European Union and the Representatives of the Governments of the Member States meeting within the Council on a framework for European cooperation in the youth field: The European Union Youth Strategy 2019-2027
Highlights the role of young people in society and sets objectives to foster youth participation in democratic life.
European Parliament, 2019
European Parliament Resolution of 26 November 2019 on children’s rights on the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child
Calls on countries to strengthen children’s participation in their legislation. Encourages the creation of meaningful mechanisms for child participation, such as children’s councils, in the work of European, national, regional and local parliamentary assemblies.

Stresses the importance of a holistic approach to education, encouraging countries to define measures to prevent early school leaving and ensure equal access to quality education for girls and boys from early childhood to adolescence. This includes children with disabilities, marginalised children and children living in areas affected by humanitarian crises or other emergencies.
European Commission, 2021
Proposal for a Council Recommendation Establishing a European Child Guarantee
Aims to prevent and combat the social exclusion of children in need by guaranteeing access to a set of key services, tackling child poverty and fostering equal opportunities.
European Commission, 2021
Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: Union of Equality: Strategy for the Rights of Persons with Disabilities 2021-2030
Aims to ensure full participation in society for people with disabilities, on an equal basis with others. This is in line with the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, which establish equality and non-discrimination as cornerstones of EU policies.
European Parliament, 2021
European Parliament Resolution of 11 March 2021 on children’s rights in view of the EU Strategy on the rights of the child
Highlights the toll of the COVID-19 pandemic on children, further exacerbating their risk of poverty, severely affecting access to education, compromising their physical and mental health and increasing the danger of violence and abuse.
Resources related to the rights of learners and families
  • United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 4: To ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all 

  • Child Rights Education Toolkit (UNICEF): This toolkit provides guidance for practitioners working on child rights education in formal learning environments (early childhood education, primary and secondary schools) 

  • Resources and research on the Convention on the Rights of the Child, including materials for learners, teachers, businesses, organisations and governments (UNICEF)