Summative assessment is a ‘one-off’ used to get a snapshot of a pupil’s level of achievement in relation to a programme of study. Usually, summative assessment is carried out at the end of a period of time, or the end of a programme of study. It is frequently quantitative and is often associated with a mark or grade that provides a comparison of the pupil’s achievement in relation to other pupils. The term ‘product-oriented’ assessment is often linked to summative assessment.